Quantum computing: 2025, the year the race becomes commercial
- lefillibre
- 2 days ago
- 2 min read
Introduction
Quantum computing has long been a science fiction subject reserved for laboratories. In 2025, it finally enters a commercial phase: prototypes become products, demonstrations turn into services, and digital giants compete to claim quantum supremacy.
The major players in the quantum revolution
Google, IBM, Intel, and startups like Pasqal (France), IonQ (United States), and Rigetti are accelerating their deployments. Quantum computing is no longer just a competition of announcements; it is beginning to influence key sectors such as finance, healthcare, and cybersecurity.
What exactly is a quantum computer?
The quantum computer relies on a unit of calculation called a qubit (quantum bit), capable of representing multiple states simultaneously thanks to the principle of superposition. Unlike the classical bit (0 or 1), a qubit can be both 0 and 1 at the same time — which allows for massive parallel calculations.
Main technologies:
Superconductors (Google, IBM)
Trapped ions (IonQ, Quantum)
Photons (PsiQuantum)
Neutral atoms (Pasqal)
Each approach seeks the Holy Grail: a stable, scalable system capable of correcting its own errors.
2025: The Industrial Turning Point
This year marks a turning point:
IBM unveils Quantum Heron , a 2000 qubit chip integrated into its cloud.
Google Quantum AI reduces its error rate by 100,000 times.
Pasqal collaborates with Crédit Agricole and EDF on energy simulations.
The buzzword of the moment: “quantum advantage” , the ability of a quantum computer to outperform classical machines.
Sectors already affected
Finance : portfolio optimization, post-quantum cryptography.
Energy & climate : molecular simulation for batteries and low-carbon materials.
Health & pharma : discovery of new drugs.
Cybersecurity : adoption of post-quantum protocols.
A global and geopolitical race
Quantum computing is now an international strategic issue .
United States : National Quantum Initiative Act
China : Military and Industrial Acceleration
European Union : Quantum Flagship and Franco-German projects
Technical challenges
Unstable qubits
Need for temperatures close to absolute zero
High energy costs
Software that is still immature
Experts believe that true “industrial supremacy” will only arrive with one million logical qubits , around 2030-2035 .
Cybersecurity: a risk to anticipate
Even if quantum computers capable of breaking RSA encryption are not yet available, data stolen today can be decrypted tomorrow.
👉 By 2025, cybersecurity will become quantum-resilient : we must prepare before the storm.
What the future holds
The era of Quantum as a Service (QaaS) is beginning. Quantum and classical computing will coexist in hybrid infrastructures. IBM, Amazon Braket, and Azure Quantum are paving the way for quantum computing to be accessible to all.
In summary
Conclusion
Quantum computing is no longer a futuristic dream. By 2025, it will become a concrete economic and strategic imperative . Major companies are investing, governments are organizing themselves, and France is among the key players. But between hype and reality , a
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